Software Applications Programming Errors and solutions.

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Working in NGO needs different sets of knowledge, attitude and skills. And obviously it offers a good salary also. But the initial days are very crucial as every moment a development worker has to deal with people. In India different courses offered by various institutions offers an opportunity to enter into development sector (NGO sector is known as development sector for the professionals). The reputed institutes includes, TISS, Tata –Dhan Academy, XISS,KIIIT and IRMA. Etc. these institutes offers different courses in different names. Like MSW, Development Studies, Development Management, Rural Management etc. The job opportunity is very good. Initially one can earn between Rs.15000-20000. In abroad one can earn more but in most of the cases it need at least three years of experience. lease visit website of the few reputed NGOs. You could visit devnetjobs.com where you will find many opportunities. There are many NGOs working in Bangalore. Please explore with them. In ma

Char is fixed length Datatype. and Varchar is variable length datatype. Suppose you have 2 columns, 1 with Char(40) another with Varchar2(40)  and both columns has values with only 10 characters in a record that time SQL server still occupy 40 character space in system for 1st column and 10 character space in system for 2nd column. Simple pick char if length is going to remain same otherwise pick varchar as a speed both have its advantage . Choosing data type cannot be done by yes or no you have to choose data type as per your requirement both are good and bad. 

These are just some Suggestions to get rid of from recovery mode of SQL database. Mostly suspension of database made due to any long process and long suspended query which generating deadlock and infinite loop for your database. Try these option. A. Alter database dbname set emergency Alter database dbname set single_user dbcc checkdb(‘dbname’,repair_allow_Data_loss) alter database dbname set multi_user B. we have to run dbcc checkdb only in the third step,because User does not want to loose the data. If that don't works, then we have to use allow data loss. but first option is better to restore with available backup, if back up is not there then we have to use this method. C.First find which file is corrupted, if Data file corruption immediately take Tail log backup then restore full backup followed by differential , log backups with no recovery finally restore tail log backup with recovery. D. 1. Ensure that the device file is actually available. 2. Use the supplemental stored

If you found your SQL Database performance is very slow then you can check below points. 1.Check if any blocking. 2- Check execution plan for any costly operator. 3- We can run DTA and take help from that but keep in mind it's not necessary to implement all suggestions provided by DTA. 4. Index fragmentation . 5. Missing indexes. 6. Stale update stats 7. Blocking & Deadlocks of queries. 8. Excessive compilation & recompilation. 9.Check long queries using trace of suspended records on high working time of transactions. 10.Check RAM utilization at SQL Server.

VLF  stand for virtual log file. Its the internal structure of log file. Virtual log file means while running (DBCC loginfo)it will shows the status 0 indicates Recoverable 1 indicates Active 2 indicates unused 3.indicates reused. The Tlog file internally divided into virtual log files. You can see how many vlfs you have in your log file can be find out by running dbcc loginfo. Too many vlfs will might slow down the db recovery. Each vlf will be having status 0 to 9. These status number indicates the current vlf's status i.e 0 reusable 1 waiting for log backup 2 Active and so on.

1.Minimal information it writes in the log file, when databse in bulk model. 2.If transaction is minimally logged only enough information is logged in transaction log to rollback the transaction no information is logged to roll it forward. This is why you loose point in time recovery if operation is minimally logged.

1.When database is in offline users cant connect we need to bring our database in to emergency mode to connect to db for this we will try to bring in single user mode so that we can able to connect with single user. 2.Single user mode means access only SA admin,offline mode means no one user can not access. 3.To bring the database online from offline,there is no need of putting it in emergency mode. 4.If  database  in single user mode it will allow only one connection, it is in offline we can't do any thing.

How many Total ip's required build win&SQL Failover clustering Active/Active & Active/Passive? Ans. In a 2 node cluster each ip for each node and one ip for win cluster and one for msdtc and one for each cluster group .. If u use private network for heartbeat then 2 more ip .. So total of 5-7 In a two node cluster 7ip's are needed two private ip's for connecting to quarum. one for node A and other for node B, two public ip's one for node A and other one For node B and one for msdic and one for msclust and one ip for switch for connecting to san drives in which data is stored.  Total 7ip's are needed.

/* It is a new feature and it has ability to create user defined server roles and assign server level/scope permissions. */ /* - Following actions are performed to implement this new feature: - Created Server role - Created Login and made member of server role - Granted Standard view permission After completion above steps the login has ability to make connection any database with data reader permission. */ USE master GO CREATE SERVER ROLE ALLDBREADER Go CREATE LOGIN [DBREADER] WITH PASSWORD=N'123', DEFAULT_DATABASE=[master], DEFAULT_LANGUAGE=[us_english], CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF GO ALTER SERVER ROLE ALLDBREADER ADD MEMBER [DBREADER] GO GRANT CONNECT SQL TO ALLDBREADER GRANT VIEW ANY DATABASE TO ALLDBREADER GRANT VIEW ANY DEFINITION TO ALLDBREADER GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE to ALLDBREADER GRANT CONTROL SERVER TO ALLDBREADER DENY SHUTDOWN TO ALLDBREADER Go USE master GO CREATE SERVER ROLE ALLDBREADER Go GRANT CONTROL SERVER TO ALLDBREADER DENY ALTER ANY DATABASE TO

You can use following Script or query for FAILED JOBS Details with error Messages in SQL. I hope it will help you. USE Msdb Declare @lastRunDate int =replace(CAST(getdate()as date),'-','') SELECT Sj.name as JobName ,CASE SJH.run_status WHEN 0 THEN 'Failed' WHEN 1 THEN 'Succeded' WHEN 2 THEN 'Retry' WHEN 3 THEN 'Canceled' END AS JobStatus,SJH.message from sysjobhistory SJH inner join sysjobs SJ ON SJH.job_id = SJ.job_id where SJH.step_id = 0 and sjh.run_date =@lastRunDate and SJH.run_status =0

SQL Server Profiler. It is a graphical based tool provided by SQL Server. It enables you to trace a query. For example.you have a SP which you wish to trace. you can execute the SP and start a profiler trace on it. It will show you row by row execution of the SP SQL Server Profiler is used to trace and analyze the SQL Server running processes and queries in the cases of performance issue. It is taken high memory so not used in main server. It is have so many events for trace. so your select desired event and filter it. It can use to find the blocking by applying trace and catch everythng runing on the server

WITH [Blocking]AS (SELECT w.[session_id] ,s.[original_login_name] ,s.[login_name] ,w.[wait_duration_ms] ,r.[scheduler_id] ,w.[wait_type] ,r.[status] ,r.[wait_resource] ,w.[resource_description] ,s.[program_name] ,w.[blocking_session_id] ,s.[host_name] ,r.[command] ,r.[percent_complete] ,r.[cpu_time] ,r.[total_elapsed_time] ,r.[reads] ,r.[writes] ,r.[logical_reads] ,r.[row_count] ,q.[text] ,q.[dbid] ,p.[query_plan] ,r.[plan_handle] FROM [sys].[dm_os_waiting_tasks] w INNER JOIN [sys].[dm_exec_sessions] s ON w.[session_id] = s.[session_id] INNER JOIN [sys].[dm_exec_requests] r ON s.[session_id] = r.[session_id] CROSS APPLY [sys].[dm_exec_sql_text](r.[plan_handle]) q CROSS APPLY [sys].[dm_exec_query_plan](r.[plan_handle]) p WHERE w.[session_id] > 50 ) Insert into Blocking_v1 ([session_id] ,[blocking_session_id] ,[WaitingUserSessionLogin] ,[BlockingUserSessionLogin] ,[scheduler_id]

1.SP_who2 shows one extra column that is RAM utilization than SP_WHO. 2.SP_who2 has these extra columns  a. CPU Time b. Disk IO c. Last Batch d. Program Name , apart from that SP_who is documented and Sp_who2 is not documented in BOL.

A covering index is a non-clustered index which includes all columns referenced in the query and therefore, the optimizer does not have to perform an additional look-up to the table in order to retrieve the data requested. As the data requested is all indexed by the covering index, it is a faster operation. covering index is a non-clustered index which stores additional columns at leaf level to avoid bookmark lookup to heap/clustered index.this is typically created using INCLUDE clause. Let say we have a table tab1 and we have columns starts from column 1 to 10. and we have clustered index on column1 and non clustered index on column 2 . for example you written a query select * from tab1 where column 2=200. this query first will go and look for the matching data in non clustered index and because of our query want to retrieve all the columns it will perform key look up , not helathy. this time i had one more non clustered index on column3 and column4 ,composite.in this case our query

SQL server assign default port 1433 to default instance...for named instance it dynamically allots a port number, ideally it is five digit port number. To see port of SQL Server you can check as below. Go to configuration manager-->SQL Serve network Configuration-> Select instance-->right click TCP/IP properties-->IP Properties

Dac means dedicared admin account, which is used to access sql server at .by default 1433 is sql server port , 1434 ia dac account. Starting the server in single user mode will use DAC (Dedicated Administrative Connection) connection. DAC Connection will use If the number of connections are limited for the instance and all are connected and if some one wants to connect and fails to troubleshoot if DBA want to connect he will also be restricted then he can use DAC connection to connect to the instance. When ever the SQL Server standard connection not establish the connection then we go with DAC connection . only sys admin can use this DAC to connect the server and troubleshoot the problems.

1.What are Differences in Delete & Truncate . 2.What are Differences in UNIQUE and Primary key ? 3. What are the agents involved in replication 4.Which Types of clusters and how many ips are required to install failover cluster? 5.Configuration of logshipping and DB mirroring. 5.What are Types of backups and backup scenario? 6.What is deadlock and blocking? 7.Differences between clustered and non clustered indexes? 8.Why SQL Server Agent is used? 9.What are Types of System databases 10.What are the steps for restoring a database?

Linked server means to retrieve the data from the other server to connect our own instance, before configure the linked server we must know the target server login and password then only we access the data from the other server. Linked server means access the data from one server another server is called linked server. store procedure is sp_addlinkedserver. When we have to run the distributed transactions we need to linkup the servers internally we use linked servers concept.Here distributed transactions means A query which has to executed on multiple servers at a time is called distributed transactions.

Checkpoint : Write all the dirty pages into buffer cache. It is not clear from buffer cache is called checkpoint.check point is the internal process which will take dirty blocks from buffer pool to data file on interval based. Lazywriter: Write all the dirty pages into buffer cache. It is clear from buffer cache is called lazywriter Checkpoint and lazywrite do the same job of flushing out the (8k size) pages from the memory to disk the only difference is of when they do this task. A lazy write does its task when there is resource contention and sql engine needs to process more pages and bring them in the memory. The lazy writer in this case gets all the pages which have been residing in the memory for the longest time and flushes them to the disk. A checkpoint on the other hand does the task for the SQL engine to create a stable point from which SQL can recover in case there is a failure of service during some processing. A checkpoint is not issued due to lack of resources. Please not

Grant/Revoke are the keywords which uses to grant/revoke privileges on an object to/from a user/group. Grant is a keyword you use when you want to authorize/authenticate. a principal and Revoke is the Keyword used when you want to take back the Authorization/authentication from the Principal. Principal refers to Lo-gin at instance level.Database user at Database level. Grant,revoke,deny,with grant are object level security.Grant means giving permission on a particular object to user.Command: grant privilege on object name to username. Revoke means taking back the permission. Command: revoke privilege on object name from username. Deny means restrict user not to do something command: deny privilege on object name to username. With grant means by using grant user can give grant permission to other user command: grant privilege on object name to user with grant.

Clustered index which reordered the table and saved separately as index table(data pages stored as B-tree) there can be one clustered index per db & Non clustered index is typically a index(data pages stored as heap) A table can have only one clustered index with many non clustered indexes. The leaf nodes of the cluster index stores data pages and non clustered index stores key values(where as table includes clustered index) or rid's(table contains non cluster index only).

Advantage of Team Viewer , Ammy Admin and show my PC etc You can share your desktop to other user or pc to take live support help from your friend or colleague. You can also help to other friends also. If you want to use limited hours in a month use of   Team Viewer , Ammy Admin and show my PC then you can use trial version but if you want to use lot of time in a single month then you need to buy license. You can buy license online. Disadvantage of Team Viewer , Ammy Admin and show my PC Mostly these type of connections registers all clicks and keypress, that means they can know about all your logins and passwords and you PC could be hacked or misused(Its possibility but mostly they do not do it).

What is Full quorum in mirroring in SQL Server? Ans:Full quorum forms when both the partners with witness are connected and performing their roles. “full quorum” means that all three roles are available and all is going swimmingly.

What is system configuration of your cluster servers in SQL? Ans:If I have around 250gb physical and 30 gb allocated forsql , win 2008 sp2 ,they are physical. You should know about this,System configuration means RAM Size and How many core/processor are in CPU.Apart from this what is the OS version

To upgrade for Active & Active cluster server Active to active means you will install SQL server on each node so they will be active to active. First transfer both sql server service on node A and upgrade Node B then transfer both services on node B and upgrade node A and then split the service on separate nodes(Node A & B)

SQL Error:  Database-Unavailable database  :testdb is unavailable(suspect,offline,recovering etc) 1.If the database is offline, the approach should be to bring the database online by either from GUI or from query : ALTER DATABASE <database_name> SET ONLINE and if it still doesn't come up..we should check the logs for the reasons..and based on the outcome we have to proceed accordingly. 2.If the Database is offline, then try to make the database online using the script ALTER DATABASE <database name> SET ONLINE. If it is not recover the database to online, then check in event viewer for possible error, if error is 17204--then data file has damaged,if error is 17207--- then log file has damaged,If you see this error then the database is there in suspect state. To Recover the suspect state database u need to follow steps as below: If data file damaged: 1. Take the tile log back up. 2.Restore Full back up with no recovery. 3.Restore Differential & Log Backups

To Shrink TempDB in Sql Server below ideas can help you to handle the issue. If it is data file then Instead of shrinking you should check the open transactions causing tempdb to get full..if it is not critical you can kill the process or else should add secondary data files. Shrinking log whereas is safe witch you can do by dbcc shrinkfile command. 1)If mdf file is full we can shrink that but sometimes we can’t shrink mdf file the reasons are: (i)check if any locks are there through (sys.dm_tran_locks)or sp_locks (ii)check for sys.dm_db_session_space_usage which will allows to check for page allocation and deallocation for each session on that instance (iii)check for temporary objects in tempdb using (select * from sys.all_objects where is_ms_shipped=0)-ser created temp objects. These are called as cached objects which are residing in procedure cache which helps stored procedure to make use of the query plan. But now it is not getting shrinked we have to perform DBCC FREEPROCCACHE wh

How to change time to be 1:30:00 am/pm Instead of 13:30:00 ? You can try below queries. SELECT substring(convert(varchar(20), GetDate(), 9), 13, 5) + ' ' + substring(convert(varchar(30), GetDate(), 9), 25, 2) declare @time time = '13:30:00' SELECT convert(varchar, @time, 22)

If the database is in single user mode then You can bring that database to normal state following way. ALTER DATABASE Database_Name SET MULTI_USER Go to ssms ->right click on database properties--> select options then scroll down to "Restrict Access" then change it MULTI_USER

Service Pack, Cumulative Update and Hot Fix are all patches to the bugs faced by Users/Vendors. Severity and No. Of Users facing problem will flow down from Higher to Lower i.e, Service Pack (Higher) --> CU (Medium) --> Hot Fix (Lower).

These are the task list that must be done by a DBA on daily basis. 1) Check System Event Logs and SQL Server Error Logs for unusual events. 2) Verify that all scheduled jobs have run successfully. 3) Confirm that backups have been made and successfully and moved to the backup storage or secure location. 4) Monitor disk space to make sure SQL Servers will not run out of disk space. 5) Periodically monitor performance of database and system using both System Monitor and SQL Server Profiler. 6) Monitor and identify blocking issues. 7) Keep a log of any changes you make to servers, instance setting, database setting and monitoring script. 8) Create SQL Server alerts to notify you of problems, and e-mailed to you. Take action as  needed. 9) Regularly restore backups to a test server in order to verify that you can restore them. Summary: Installing DB software Creating databases Performing upgrades of the database and software to new release levels Starting u

When index are rebuild that means the old indexes on the table are dropped and new indexes on the table are created. Due to the creation of the indexes on the table all the data is organised in the leaf level (cluster index) and organised simultaneously. Thus maximum the number of rows in your table , maximum will be the page count and maximum will be the time taken in rebuilding the index. Indexing is nothing but ordering of pages, thus it depends on page count

Data center is used to store all our servers and need to maintain (power supply,network,connectivity,AC and others) those servers from the DC in a specified safe environment with all the facilities.. without proper approvals even CEO will also not allowed into the DC's for some security reasons.

Following can be SQL DBA Checklist on daily,weekly and monthly basis. 1.SQL DBA daily checklist can include Database backup status, Database integrity checks, failed jobs. 2.Weekly checklist can include index reorganization, update stats etc . 3.Monthly checklist can include Restoration drill for critical databases to ensure backup's availability in case of any unusual happening etc.these are general points.although it depends on current environment and issues how you define your checklist as a DBA.

If log truncation is performed when your transaction is still running then it will truncate only committed transactions and there is no impact on the current running transaction. if your transaction is completed and after that log truncation is performed it will clear your transaction. SQLServer internally maintain some lsn or modified pages details in one page so if you rebooted the server, if transaction is completed then changes applied into mdf files and there is no change in the DB and it will online after reboot. But if you rebooted the server in the middle of transaction then after server is online , database went into recovery mode and it will rollback all changes as per the changes after all the rollback completes DB will come into online .

To  change authentication mode in SQL Server for mixed mode or windows authentication mode you can try as below. Mixed Mode (SQL Server Properties --> Security --> Server Authentication --> SQL Server and Windows Authentication Mode--> check the Radio button

To set PLE(page life expectancy) in Sql server you can get help from following way..PLE is used to faster access if data who pages are in buffer. sp_reconfigure 'page life expectancy' newvalue

To convert excel sheet data into SQL Table you can use import and export wizard Sql server management studio ->choose the Database and right click on Database->Tasks->Import Data/Export Data will be avvailable on All sql server version then you can do import/export process

1.Check MSDB backup history for that database select * from msdb.dbo.backupset where name='dbname' and type='i' order by backup_finish_date desc 2.dbo.backupset: provides information concerning the most-granular details of the backup process dbo.backupmediafamily: provides metadata for the physical backup files as they relate to backup sets dbo.backupfile: this system view provides the most-granular information for the physical backup files USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT TOP 100 s.database_name, m.physical_device_name, CAST(CAST(s.backup_size / 1000000 AS INT) AS VARCHAR(14)) + ' ' + 'MB' AS bkSize, CAST(DATEDIFF(second, s.backup_start_date, s.backup_finish_date) AS VARCHAR(4)) + ' ' + 'Seconds' TimeTaken, s.backup_start_date, CAST(s.first_lsn AS VARCHAR(50)) AS first_lsn, CAST(s.last_lsn AS VARCHAR(50)) AS last_lsn, CASE s.[type] WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full' WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential' WHEN &

To change log file auto growth restricted growth to unrestricted growth in SQL you can try option below. I hope it will help you. Right click on "dbname" ->Properties ->Click on files ->you will  find options there

1>data  2>index  3>text/image  4>GAM/SGAM  5>page free space 6>IAM  7>BCM  8>DCM

These queries can help you  To Identify The Long Running Queries in SQL. 1.SELECT creation_time ,last_execution_time ,total_physical_reads ,total_logical_reads ,total_logical_writes , execution_count , total_worker_time , total_elapsed_time , total_elapsed_time / execution_count avg_elapsed_time ,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1, ((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) AS statement_text FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st where total_elapsed_time >= 800000000 ORDER BY total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC; 2.DBCC opentran(This command will display the longest running transactions on the database) and select * from sys.dm_tran_active_snapshot_database_transactions(this command will display the transactions about replication and mirroring and snapshot isolated related transactions)

To  add multiple foreign keys in a table from different reference tables in SQL you can try below methods in sql query editor. 1. Alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name foreign key(col_name) references table_name(col_name) GO. 2.Create foreign constraint WITH NOCHECK first then CHECK it with another alter statement.. Make sure to put GO in between each statement.. Just to safe side, SET ANSI PADDING ON on the top and OFF at the button..